Turn-of-the-Century Child
Entertainment

General References

• Bel Geddes, Joan.  Childhood and Children; A Compendium of Customs, Superstititions, Theories, Profiles, and Facts.  Phoenix, AZ: Oryx, 1997.
  
  
• Calvert, Karin. "Part III: The Innocent Child; 1830-1900." Children in the House; The Material Culture of Early Childhood, 1600-1900 .  Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1992.  97-147.
  
  
• Children's Literature Research Collection. State Library of South Australia.  
  [http://143.216.21.6/treasures/clrc/index.html]
  In particular see The Gilbert Collection 's "Toys and Toybooks"
  [http://143.216.21.6/treasures/clrc/toys.htm]
  
  
• "Fun and Games." Centenarians ed. Bernard Edelman.  New York: Farrar, 1999.

Toys and Games for children and teens

• Children's Literature Research Collection. State Library of South Australia.
  [http://143.216.21.6/treasures/clrc/index.html]
  In particular see "Multimedia Presentations" of books, toys and games in AVI and Real Video formats.
  [http://143.216.21.6/treasures/clrc/multimed.htm]
  
  
• "Games and Toys at the Turn of the Century: Dolls, Flying Jennys and Circle-Tour-To-Rowser."  
  White River Valley Historical Quarterly. Fall 1965. v. 1, no. 5 
  [http://198.209.8.166/wrvq/v1/n5/F62f.htm]
  
  
• "History of Toys and Games." History Channel.  
  [http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/toys/]
  
  
• Levine, Shar and Vicki Scudamore.  Marbles; A Player's Guide.  New York: Sterling, 1999.
  Provides a history of marbles and describes a variety of games.
  
  
• McClary, Andrew.  Toys with Nine Lives; A Social History of American Toys.   North Haven, CT: Shoe String Press, 1997.
  Social history about the changing nature of childhood as seen through eight types of toys: tops, marbles, propeller toys. noisemakers, hoops, dolls, shooters and blocks.
  
  
• Marek, Jennifer, "Turn of the Century Toys and Games."  Tales out of School.  March 1995.
  [http://www.emporia.edu/cgps/tales/m95tales.htm]
  
  
• Morrow, Gala.  "Better than 'Storebought'" Bittersweet. 1981.
  [http://198.209.8.166/sheproom/periodicals/bittersweet/sp78i.htm]
  Ten homemade toys of the Ozarks and directions for making them.
  
  
• Panati, Charles.  "Teddy Bears."Great Moments in Kiddie Marketing," reprinted from Panati's Parade of Fads, Follies, and Manias.
  [http://metalab.unc.edu/stayfree/13/teddy.html]
  
  
• Tucker, Richard W.  "Tiddlywinks: The Classic Victorian Pastime: On Target for the 21st Century."  Game Researchers' Notes. (October, 1996). 5552-5561.
  [http://www.tiddlywinks.org/collector/agca_grn_article_oct_1996.html]
  
• Williams, Anne. D. "Jigsaw Puzzles: A Brief History." 1997.
  [http://www.mgcpuzzles.com/mgcpuzzles/puzzle_history/index.htm]
  
  
• "The Wooden Toy."  Il Giocattolo di Legno.
  [http://www.pd.astro.it/forms/mostra/mostra_i.html]

Names of toys and games

• Cards
• Checkers, chess
• Dice
• Dolls & doll houses
• Jacks
• Jigsaw puzzles
• Jump rope and  jump-rope jingles
• Models
• Ping pong
• Slingshots
• Teddy Bears
• Tiddlewinks
• Tops
• Toy soldiers e.g.

• The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870-1920
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vshtml/vshome.html]
  A multimedia anthology of popular entertainment, especially vaudeville, including playscripts, playbills and programs, motion pictures, sound recordings, photographs, and memorabilia items.
  See also Harry Houdini's life and career.
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vshtml/vshdini.html].
  
  
• Baulch, Vivian.  "Harry Houdini: Master of Illusion and Escape." Rearview Mirror.  Detroit News Archive. 
  [http://detnews.com/history/houdini/houdini.htm]
  
  
• Vaudeville Memories - Vaudeville, A Tribute to the Golden Age of Vaudeville
  [http://personal.nbnet.nb.ca/muldrew/]
  
  

Movies (and some early radio shows)

Movies

• "A Centennial Salute to Cinema."History in the News. Photographic History Collection. Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.  
  [http://www.si.edu/nmah/ve/cinema/cinema.html]
  
  
• Early Motion Pictures, 1897-1920.
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/ermphome.html].
  Includes "Mabel and Fatty viewing the World's Fair at San Francisco, Cal." in which Fatty Arbuckle, star of silent movies, goes to the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition.
  
  
• Inventing Entertainment; The Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies.
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edhome.html]
  This site features motion pictures like the Great Train Robbery (1903), Jack and the Beanstalk (1902), and the Buster Brown series (1904),  as well as disc sound recordings, photographs and original magazine articles.
  
  
• Origins of American Animation.
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/oahtml/oahome.html]
  Early American animation includes clay, puppet, and cut-out animation, as well as pen drawings.  Films reveal social attitudes and show connections to newspaper comic strips like Krazy Kat and The Katzenjammer Kids.
  
  
• Pringle, Glen.  Silent Movies. 
  [http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~pringle/silent/]
  
  
• Silent Film Sites - Classic Movie Net Links. 
  [http://classicfilm.miningco.com/msub18.htm]
  
  
• Welcome to silent-movies.com
  [http://silent-movies.com/]
  

Actors

• MacIntyre. Diane. "The Silent Artists Index of Featured Stars, Supporting Players and Character Performers." The Silents Majority
  [http://www.mdle.com/ClassicFilms/FeaturedStar/index.htm]
    
• Pearson, David B.  DG: Excerpts from D.W. Griffith's Greatest Films. 
  [http://www.uno.edu/~drcom/Griffith/]
  

Oral history about Movies

• "Kissing Rudy Valentino." Herbert Blumer, Movies and Conduct (New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1970): 217-218, 220-223. History Matters: Many Pasts.
  [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/text/632a-Valentino.html]
  A high-school student describes movie going in the 1920s.
  
  
• "Movie Dreams and Movie Injustices." Herbert Blumer, Movies and Conduct (New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1970): 255-257. History Matters: Many Pasts.
  [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/text/632c-Blackstu.html]
  An African-American high-school student tells what 1920s movies meant to him.
  
  
• Fedeli, Fred.  "We Ran Silent Movies For Years" Interviewed by Roy Rosenzweig, February 23, 1978, Shrewsbury, MA.  History Matters: Many Pasts.  
  [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/text/2004d-fedeli.html]  
  An Italian immigrant goes into "the picture business."
  
  
• Colbert, David, ed.  Eyewitness to America; 500 Years of America in the Words of Those Who Saw It Happen.  New York: Pantheon, 1997.   
  Includes "Television is Born."  The New York Times (April 7, 1927) and "Radio and its Evils Arrive." by Franklin Pierce Adams (October 24, 1927).
  

Radio

• Old-Time Radio: The Golden Years.
  [http://www.old-time.com/golden.html]
  Timeline and examples of programs
  
• Early Recorded Sounds and Wax Cylinders
  [http://www.tinfoil.com/]

Baseball and other sports, clubs

• Early Baseball Pictures, 1860s-1920s,
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/jrhtml/jrgmabt.html].
  Early history of baseball.
  
  
• Baseball Cards 1887-1914
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bbhtml/bbhome.html]
  Cards show early legends in baseball.
  
  
• Babe Ruth The legendary "Sultan of Swat" rounding the bases after a 1929 homerun.  Newsfilm Library Online Film Showcase.  University of South Carolina.
  
  
• Brashler, William.  The Story of the Negro League Baseball.   New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1994.
  
  
• Fremon, David K.  The Negro Baseball Leagues.   New York: New Discovery/Macmillan, 1994.
  
  
• Colbert, David, ed.  Eyewitness to America; 500 Years of America in the Words of Those Who Saw It Happen.  New York: Pantheon, 1997.   Includes "Jim Thorpe."  New York Times. (November 9, 1912) and "Babe Ruth" by Heywood Brown (October 12, 1923).
  
  
• McKissack. Patricia C.  Black Diamond; The Story of the Negro Baseball Leagues.  New York: Scholastic, 1994.
  
  
• Negro League Baseball
  [http://www.negroleaguebaseball.com/]
  
  
• Okrent, Daniel and Harris Lewine, ed.   The Ultimate Baseball Book ed. New York: Houghton, 1981.
  
  
• Von Tilzer, Albert and Jack Norworth.  "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" (1908) ) in The American Reader; Words That Moved a Nation ed. Diane Ravitch.  New York: Harper Perennial, 1990.
  

• Boy Scouts of America.  The Official Handbook for Boys.   Bedford, MA: Applewood Books, 1911.
  Browse scoutcraft, woodcraft, campcraft, tracks, and games. 
  What can you learn about the belief system of scouting in chapters on "Chivalry," "Patriotism and Citizenship" and "Health and Endurance?"
  

Dancing

• An American Ballroom Companion: Dance Instruction Manuals, ca. 1490-1920.  
  [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/dihtml/dihome.html] 
  A collection of social dance manuals and "Ragtime Dancing."
  
  
• Norman, Icy.  "Dancing after Dark; A Rural Woman Recalls Farm Life in the Early Twentieth Century." Southern Oral History Program. University of North Carolina.  History Matters: Many Pasts.
  [http://historymatters.gmu.edu/text/644a-norman.html]